how long does vitamin d supplement stay in your system
The active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), has a half-life of approximately 15 hours, whereas the inactive form, calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), has a half-life of approximately 15 days. Vitamin D attaches to receptors throughout the body, which are found in every cell.
A vitamin D shortage affects around 1 billion people worldwide, spanning all races and age categories, according to estimates. 1-3 This is primarily due to people obtaining less sun exposure as a result of environment, lifestyle, and concerns about skin cancer, among other factors. Many nutrition experts believe that the 1997 Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) guidelines for vitamin D, which were originally intended to combat rickets and osteomalacia, are too low. Infants, children, adults up to the age of 50, and pregnant and lactating women receive 200 IU of vitamin A daily; people between the ages of 50 and 70 receive 400 IU; and adults older than 70 receive 600 IU of vitamin A daily. According to current research, humans may require more vitamin D than is currently suggested in order to prevent chronic disease. Recently published research suggests that vitamin D may play a role in the prevention of cancer, heart disease, fractures and falls, autoimmune illnesses, influenza, type 2 diabetes, and depression, among other things. In recent years, many health-care professionals have raised their recommendations for vitamin D supplementation to at least 1,000 international units (IU). 5 As a result, an increasing number of people are contacting their pharmacists about vitamin D supplementation.
Pharmacology
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that also functions as a steroid hormone, as previously stated. Through a mechanism triggered by the sun's ultraviolet B rays acting on the skin, the body synthesises vitamin D from cholesterol in the form of cholesteral (FIGURE 1). The amount of vitamin D produced by the body is influenced by factors such as skin colour, age, the amount and duration of sun exposure, and geographic location. Nutritional D has an impact on the bones, intestines, immune and cardiovascular systems, pancreas, muscles, and brain, as well as the control of cell cycle progression. 6 Its principal roles are to maintain proper calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the bloodstream as well as to promote bone growth and health.
In order for vitamin D to become active, it must go through two hydroxylations in the body. There are a number of metabolic products or modified variants of vitamin D available on the market (TABLE 1). The active form of vitamin D, calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), has a half-life of approximately 15 hours, whereas the inactive form, calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), has a half-life of approximately 15 days. 6 Vitamin D attaches to receptors throughout the body, which are found in every cell. 6
Deficiency, blood concentrations, and toxicity are all factors to consider.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a number of risk factors, including living in northern latitudes (in the United States, above the line dividing San Francisco and Philadelphia), failing to get at least 15 minutes of direct sunlight daily, being African American or having dark skin, being elderly, and being overweight or obese, among others.
5 Riketts and osteomalacia are two disorders associated with extreme vitamin D insufficiency that are well-known. It is possible that musculoskeletal discomfort and periodontal disease are signs of a major vitamin D deficit as well. 7 A burning sensation in the mouth and throat are among of the subtle indications of a milder deficit. These symptoms include lack of appetite, diarrhoea, sleeplessness, eyesight issues, and fatigue. 7 Given that calcidiol has a longer half-life than vitamin D, drawing a blood sample to determine vitamin D status has become the conventional procedure. 8
The usual range of vitamin D concentrations is 30 to 74 ng/mL, but this can vary from laboratory to laboratory.
8 Generally speaking, most specialists feel that a concentration between 35 and 40 ng/mL is adequate for maintaining preventive health. Some researchers believe that the ideal dose for protecting against cancer and heart disease is between 50 and 70 ng/mL, with some suggesting that it can be as high as 100 ng/mL. When blood concentrations reach 88 ng/mL or above, it is possible to have side effects or toxicity. 9 Nausea, vomiting, constipation, headache, tiredness, and weakness are all common side effects of this medication. 6 A high intake of vitamin D can generate elevated calcium levels in the blood, and acute intoxication results in hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. 6,9
Disease Prevention is an important part of every health-care system, whether it be a hospital, a clinic, or a government agency.
Cell proliferation and differentiation are reduced in cancer cells, and the formation of new blood vessels is inhibited. Vitamin D also has considerable anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies have revealed a link between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of cancer, with the greatest evidence pointing to colorectal cancer as the most likely culprit. After menopause, postmenopausal women who received 1,100 IU of vitamin D3 (with calcium) vs placebo were 77 percent less likely to be diagnosed with cancer during the following four years, according to a Creighton University study. 10 According to the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), participants who had high vitamin D concentrations were half as likely as those who had low concentrations to be diagnosed with colon cancer. 11
Some research, on the other hand, have yielded less encouraging outcomes. According to the Women's Health Initiative, women who took 400 IU of vitamin D3 (with calcium) vs a placebo did not have a lower risk of breast cancer than those who took the placebo. 12 Many sceptics have contended that this dose of vitamin D is insufficient to prevent cancer in this population. Researchers in Finland discovered in 2006 that men who had higher vitamin D concentrations had a threefold increased chance of developing pancreatic cancer, with cigarette smoking not being considered a confounding factor. 13 A 2009 study conducted in the United States of men and women (most of whom were nonsmokers) did not support these findings, finding no link between vitamin D levels and pancreatic cancer overall, with the exception of those who received little sun exposure. 14 Higher vitamin D concentrations were associated with a lower risk of pancreatic cancer in this subgroup, whereas lower vitamin D concentrations were not. 14 Although no definitive conclusion can be reached concerning the relationship between vitamin D content and cancer risk at this time, the findings of numerous studies are encouraging.
Heart Disease: Several studies have found evidence that vitamin D may have a protective effect on the heart by acting on the renin-angiotensin system, by suppressing inflammation, or by acting directly on the cells of the heart and blood-vessel walls themselves. A study conducted by the Framingham Heart Study found that patients with low vitamin D concentrations (15 ng/mL) had a 60 percent higher risk of heart disease than those with higher concentrations of the vitamin. 15 A study conducted by the Harvard Public Health Foundation indicated that people with low vitamin D concentrations (15 ng/mL) were twice as likely as those with high concentrations (>30 ng/mL) to suffer a heart attack. 16 Patients with low vitamin D concentrations (15 ng/mL) were three times more likely to be diagnosed with hypertension than those with high vitamin D concentrations (>30 ng/mL) in another study that tracked men and women for four years. 17 The effect of vitamin D in preventing heart disease is still being investigated, as was the case with cancer and vitamin D. However, the evidence to date is encouraging, similar to that of cancer and vitamin D.
Fractures and falls: Vitamin D is known to aid in the absorption of calcium by the body and to have a role in maintaining bone health. Aside from that, vitamin D receptors are found on fast-twitch muscle fibres, which are the first to respond when a person is injured. 18 Some believe that vitamin D can help to strengthen muscle strength, hence decreasing the risk of falling. 5 There has been a lot of research that shows a link between low vitamin D levels and an increased risk of fractures and falls in older persons.
In a combined analysis of 12 fracture-prevention trials, it was discovered that supplementation with around 800 IU of vitamin D per day reduced hip and nonspinal fractures by approximately 20%, and that treatment with approximately 400 IU per day had no benefit.
19 A study conducted by researchers at Tufts University's Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging assessed the best trials of vitamin D versus placebo for the prevention of falls. "Fall risk reduction begins at 700 IU and increases gradually with increasing dosages," the researchers conclude in their conclusion. 18 Overall, the data is compelling in favour of supplementing with vitamin D to reduce the risk of fractures and falls in the elderly.
In light of the fact that vitamin D plays a role in the regulation of the immune system and has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, it has been hypothesised that a vitamin D deficiency could contribute to autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Scientists have hypothesised that a vitamin D shortage during the winter months may be the seasonal trigger that causes influenza outbreaks throughout the winter months, according to their findings. 20 A large number of clinical research have been conducted to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and immune-system illnesses.
According to the findings of a prospective research of white people, those with the greatest vitamin D concentrations had a 62 percent decreased risk of getting multiple sclerosis compared to those with the lowest levels.
21 According to the findings of a Finnish study that followed children from birth to adulthood, those who received vitamin D supplements during infancy had a roughly 90 percent lower risk of getting type 1 diabetes than those who did not. 22 Compared to children who received a placebo daily vitamin D supplement of 1,200 IU, children who received the vitamin D supplement saw a 40 percent lower rate of influenza type A infection. There was no statistically significant difference in rates of influenza type B infection in the study. 23 More research into the influence of vitamin D on immunity will be conducted in the future, as this is a topic of considerable interest and it is yet unknown whether there is a link between the two.
Type 2 Diabetes and Depression: Although some research has indicated that vitamin D may lessen the chance of developing type 2 diabetes, just a few studies have looked into the relationship between vitamin D and depression. After three years of follow-up, a study of nondiabetic people aged 65 and older discovered that those who received 700 IU of vitamin D (with calcium) experienced a lesser rise in fasting plasma glucose than those who received a placebo. 24 Compared to those who received a placebo, participants in a Norwegian study of overweight adults exhibited a substantial improvement in depression symptoms scale scores after one year when they received a high dose of vitamin D (20,000 or 40,000 international units (IU) weekly). 25 These findings need to be confirmed in further studies in order to establish a link between vitamin D and the risk of developing diabetes or depression.
Dosing
Only a few foods are high in vitamin D, and they are all fatty. These foods include fortified dairy products and breakfast cereals, as well as fatty fish, beef liver, and egg yolks, among other things. Supplementing with vitamin D is the most effective approach to obtain additional vitamin D, aside from increasing sun exposure. Traditional multivitamins contain about 400 international units (IU) of vitamin D, however many modern multivitamins contain 800 to 1,000 IU of vitamin D. A variety of options are available for individual vitamin D supplements, including capsules, chewable tablets, liquids, and drops. Cod l
Vitamin D, which is a fat-soluble vitamin, is absolutely necessary for maintaining good health and functioning properly throughout the body. It is necessary for the body to absorb calcium, maintain healthy bones and cells, and have a well functioning immune system, all of which are made possible by its presence. Even while it is possible to gain vitamin D through natural sources like exposure to the sun and eating specific foods, many people choose to take vitamin D pills instead in order to guarantee that they are getting a enough amount of this essential ingredient.
The amount of time that vitamin D supplements remain in the body varies based on a number of factors, including as the age of the individual, the amount of weight they carry, and their general state of health. In a general sense, it can take anywhere from a few days to several months for the body to finish metabolizing vitamin D supplements in a way that allows them to leave the body.
According to the findings of one study, consuming a single extremely high dose of vitamin D3 (300,000 IU) resulted to higher blood levels of vitamin D for up to six weeks, although levels recovered to baseline within 12 weeks after the first administration. Another study came to a similar conclusion, finding that taking a daily supplement of vitamin D3 in the amount of 20,000 international units (IU) led to significant increases in blood levels of vitamin D within four weeks, and those levels remained increased for up to six months after the supplementation was discontinued.
However, it is essential to keep in mind that the length of time that vitamin D supplements continue to have an effect on the body is not the same as the length of time that vitamin D remains in the body. The effects of vitamin D on bone health and the operation of the immune system can remain for an extended period of time even after vitamin D supplements have been entirely digested and removed from the body.
In conclusion, the amount of time that vitamin D supplements remain in the body can vary based on a number of factors; nevertheless, it can take anywhere from a few days to several months for them to be entirely digested and cleared from the body. It is critical to have a conversation with a trained medical practitioner in order to ascertain the correct amount and duration of supplementation for your unique requirements. In addition, keeping good levels of vitamin D through exposure to sunlight and eating a healthy, balanced diet can also provide a major boost to one's general health and wellness.
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