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Saturday, June 12, 2021

Double Crown Ambassador

Double Crown Ambassador

 Nakajima, Kaoru, a company owner in Amway Japan, sought the Double Crown Ambassador pin and agreed by local management. The request was an unique pin recognising 40 Q6 legs in a year. Two normal Crown Ambassador pins are soldered together. Rich De Vos gave Nakajima the pin during a 1996 commendation event. The pin was meant to be an individual acknowledgment and objective for Nakajima, but when company owner Holly Chen learned about this particular pin, she asked for one. Amway agreed to this request, however it was revealed that this "unofficial" level would not become an official level and in the future no additional business owners would be permitted to qualify for this level.

Amway doesn't officially acknowledge this level and you won't find any mention in their official "hall of achievement" in Ada, Michigan.

Double Crown Ambassador

Double Crown Ambassador qualification:

  • To qualify as a Double Crown Ambassador, a certified Platinum must qualify at the level of Silver Producer for at least 6 months during the Amway Performance Year.

Qualifications \sJapan

  • Kaoru, Nakajima (1996)

Taiwan

  • Barry Chi & Chen (2003)

Links related

  • Tim Foley, Britt Double Crown Ambassadors
  • For a list of AmwayWiki articles about Double-Crown Ambassadors,
  • See Double-Crown Ambassador0

Founders Crown Ambassador

 Founders Crown Ambassador

The Founders Crown Ambassador pin was first introduced in Japan in the late 90's and globaly introduced 2002 as IBO achievements have exceeded company "predictions" along with the introduction of the Founders Achievement Award FAA points system for diamonds and above to qualify for higher pins and qualifications.

Founders Crown Ambassador certification needs either:

  • To qualify as a Founders Crown Ambassador a certified Platinum must have 20 legs (3 must be in market) qualify at the Silver Producer level for all 12 months during the Amway Fiscal Year.

or

Attain Diamond certification for 6 months of the fiscal year (6 legs must be in market), and create at least 30 FAA credits throughout the fiscal year.

Founders Crown Ambassador

Qualifiers

  • Non-exhaustive list of Founders Crown Ambassadors
  • Founders Ambassador 100 GAR

Thailand

  • Kunchayangkul, Chaweng & Piyanantawarin, Kannalin (2019)
  • Founders Ambassador 80 FAA

Taiwan

  • Barry Chi & Chen (2014)
  • Founders Ambassador 70 FAA
  • Founders Ambassador 65 FAA

United States of America

  • Yager, Dexter & Birdie 65 credits (2011)

Taiwan

  • Foo Howe Kean & Shu Chen 65 credits (2014)
  • Founders Ambassador 60 FAA

Germany

  • Black, Max (2007)

China

  • Zhou and Zheng Xin Qing (2014)
  • Founders Ambassador 55 FAA

China

  • Hsieh, Sunny Hsu & Debra, 55 FAA credits (2004)
  • Han Shi Rong, 55 FAA credits (2012)

United States of America

  • Jim & Nancy Dornan 55 credits (2010)
  • Founders Ambassador 50 FAA

Germany

  • Mueller-Meerkatz, Peter & Eva (2008) (2008)

Japan

  • Nakajima, Kaoru (1998), Double Crown Ambassador (1996) (1996)
  • Founders Crown Ambassador 40 FAA

Korea

  • Kim, Leonard & Esther (2002) (2002)
  • Kang Hyeon Sook & Ryu In Ik (2003) (2003)

Taiwan

  • Mark & Peggy Lei (2004) (2004)

United States of America

  • Britt, Bill & Peggy (2004) (2004)

China

  • Wu Yi & Xiong Shi Xiang(2012) (2012)
  • Hong, Liu & Jin, Di
  • Founders Crown Ambassador

Australia

  • Cox, Peter & Debbie (2008) (2008)
  • Sala, Mitch & Deidre (2006) (2006)

China

  • Barry Chi & Holly Chen, Founders Council Member as Founders Crown Ambassador
  • Mark & Peggy Lei, Founders Council Member as Founders Crown Ambassador
  • Ren Ying Cai, Founders Council Member as Founders Crown Ambassador

Hong Kong

  • Fu, Clement & Anita

Germany

  • Schleipfer, Maria & Steiner Willi (2005) (2005)

Japan

  • Azumi, Takeshi & Hidemi, (2009) (2009)
  • Hamamoto, Tomoko & Shuji, (1996) (1996)
  • Yamazaki, Takumi & Rieko, (1996) (1996)
  • Hatayama, Kenichiro & Yoshiko, (2012) (2012)

Korea

  • Joo Jae Oh & Park Kyung Ja (2002) (2002)
  • In-Soon Jang & Hyo-Ji Kim (2003) (2003)
  • Hak-Soo Jeong (2003) (2003)
  • Kwon & Young-Mi Youn (2008)
  • Choose Yun Jeong&Seo Geon (2013)

Malaysia

  • Kim Soon & Linda Ng Kwee Choo (2005)
  • Foo Howe Kean Chen (2006)
  • Khoo Chong Kok, Chai Choo (2014)
  • Chan Lee Sean's

Taiwan

  • Chin Nai Kang & Wang Chen (2012)
  • Hsieh, Sunny & Debra (2012)

Thailand

  • Pornjaded, Jintana.. (2003)

Ukraine

  • Arkhipova, Mautanov, Oleksiy (2008)
  • Yena Natalya's (2007)

United States of America

  • Tim, Foley (2005)
  • Barry Chi & Chen (2011)

Naame, Iván & Yelitza Amway

 “Queremos contribuir a que los padres de Venezuela y el mundo tengamos presencia en nuestros hogares, para emprender la labour de recuperar los valores y principios que nuestra sociedad necesita”

. Los nuevos Diamante ven un futuro lleno de Empresarios exitosos, y para ello, aconsejan a todos aquellos quienes quieren alcanzar mayores niveles que “descubran su verdadero potencial, desarrollen una verdadera convicción en AMWAY y la industria a la cual pertenecemos. Tengan fe en lo que el negocio promete y trabajen de la mano con su equipo de apoyo”.

Naame, Iván & Yelitza


Pinto, Nicolás & Maritza Amway

Pinto, Nicolás & Maritza Amway

 Maritza y Nicolás, como la mayoría de los venezolanos, nunca han oído hablar de Marketing de Redes. Sin embargo, recuperó la esperanza al primer momento, a diferencia de Nicolás, que seguía siendo escéptico. 

“Era algo desconocido para nosotros y no queríamos engañar a nadie, porque junto an AMWAY entraron al país negocios fraudulentos tipo pirámide. Así que primero lo constatamos por nuestra cuenta”, aseguran. Pero sus expectativas se superaron en gran medida y, gracias a su crecimiento empresarial, ahora pueden viajar por todo el mundo y asegurar la prosperidad de sus hijos y ellos mismos en el futuro, al tiempo que adquieren solvencia para adquirir tres otras empresas.

Parte de ese éxito, consideran, se lo deben a los programas de entrenamiento del INA, pues con ellos han experimentado una evolución mental: 

“los programas del INA potencian tus capacidades y te permiten hacer tu negocio creativo. Los recomendamos en su totalidad”. 

“Vivimos en un país con posibilidades que a veces se disfrazan de dificultades”, nos dicen, “pero crean en ustedes mismos, en su idiosincrasia luchadora, crean que si Dios pone un sueño en sus corazones, pondrá también las herramientas para lograrlo”, alientan a sus compatriotas venezolanos y a todos los Empresarios Amway.


Hernandez, Randy & Josefina Amway

 Josefina Hernandez

9 February 1927 — 10 July 2018 Josefina Hernandez, 91, died surrounded by her family, 10 July 2018, 4:40 p.m., in Norwalk, CA.

Services will be conducted at St. Gregory the Great Catholic Church, Whittier, Friday, July 20, 2018 from 5:00 to 8:30 p.m.

Born on February 9, 1927 to Venceslado Montes and Soltera Luna Vd. De Lara in El Paso Texas, she spent her early years in Ed. 

Juarez Chihuahua, Mexico, where she graduated middle school. She worked in El Paso, where she met her husband, Juan G. Hernandez. They relocated from El Paso to East Los Angeles, CA, where she worked as a noonaid at Brooklyn Avenue School, moving from East Los Angeles to Whittier, where she spent almost 40 years before moving to Norwalk, CA. 

While residing in Whittier, she was a member of the parish of Saint Gregory the Great Church and of the Guadalupe Society. She adored singing, music, kids jumping rope, cooking, baking, and crafts.

Nine children survive: Margarita Ortiz (AZ), Maria Evangelina Garcia (Francisco), Guadalupe Caro (Lazaro), Johnny Hernandez, Jr., Richard Hernandez, Mary Hernandez, Robert Hernandez (Martha) and Irene Sanchez (Richard).

Twenty grandchildren: Teresa Villa, Rebecca Ortiz, Hector Oswaldo Villa, Carlos Francisco Gracia, Margarita Julia Ortiz, Ruben Rodriguez, Gustavo Ruben Garcia, Enrique Hernandez, Jr., Michele Yvonne Hernandez, Michael Lazaro Caro, Luis Omar Villalobos, Christian Joy Garcia, Elizabeth Caro, Margarita Sabrina Medrano, Robert Hernandez Jr., Philip Ray Grant II, William Joseph Nolasco II, Johnny Raymo II. Sanchez Joyce.

Forty-five grandchildren: Emmanuel Reyna, Ruben Reyna, Carlos Francisco Garcia Jr., Daniel Ortiz, Christopher Howard, Jessie M. Garcia, Jonathan Smith III, Samantha Villa-Talsma, Joshua M. Smith, Cierra Villa, Bryan Rodriguez, Jeremiah T Smith, Ruben Rodriguez Jr., Gustavo Ruben Garcia Jr., Daniel Rodriguez, Ariana Hernandez, Amy Anelid Villalobos, Hailee Hernandez, Christina Rodriguez, Eric. 

Rae Grant, Jizelle Aleena Rodriguez, Randy Allen Grant, Aleena B. Garcia, Jose Emmanuel Flores Caro, Joshua Melesio Nolasco, Joshua Mariah Hernandez, Jesus Flores Caro, Jaime Flores Caro, Serenity Rodriguez, Hailey Mariah Nolasco, Aryanna Irene Hernandez, Eevah Bliss Grant, Samantha Aliannah Nolasco, Brandon Alexis Villalobos, Ruby Rodriguez, Gianna Garcia, Ronin T Garcia, William Joseph Nolasco I

Seven great-grandchildren: Kaleb Reyna, Elijah Reyna, Mason Reyna, Benjamin Reyna, Mark Reyna
A Brother: Manuel Luna (Rosa)Nieces, nephews, and cousins.

Two sons before her in death: Luis Villa&Luis Miguel Montes Villa, Samantha Julia Ortiz-Solis & Juan Angel Caro, Her siblings: Maria Luisa Lara, Federico Lara, Norberto Lara, Enriqueta Luna, Gloria Luna.

She was a cherished mother, grandmother, grandmother, grandmother, wife, sister and friend
Hernandez, Randy & Josefina


Hurtado, Héctor & Sánchez, Ismerys Amway

Hurtado, Héctor & Sánchez, Ismerys Amway

 Héctor Hurtado

Héctor Hugo Hurtado Salazar (born September 21, 1975) is a former Colombian football striker who last played for Cali.

When he resigned from his career in 2014, he became a sports technologist.

Career

He got his maiden Sport Boys hat-trick on April 13, 2008. Universitario's 5-1 win.

Statistics

  • Universitario Statistics: 2007 Apertura
  • Universitario Statistics: 2007 Clausura
  • Universitario Statistics: 2008 Apertura
  • Universitario Statistics: 2008 Clausura

International

Between 1999 and 2005, Hurtado played for Colombia's national team.

Lucich, Daniel & Carol Amway

Lucich, Daniel & Carol Amway

Enhanced dielectric characteristics of three-phase dielectric MWCNTs/BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites for energy storage utilising 3D fused-deposition modelling

LA Chavez, CAG Rosales, TLB Tseng, Y Lin Ceramics International 44(8), 9037-9044 52 2018

Manufacture of piezoelectric and dielectric BaTiO3 ceramics via paste extrusion 3D printing

H Kim, A Renteria-Marquez, LA Chavez, CA Garcia Rosales's,...

American Ceramic Society Journal 102(6), 3685-3694

Increased piezoelectric response in functional nanocomposites through multi-wall carbon nanotube interface and modelling of three-dimensional printing

H Kim, MT Islam, IM Didarul, Chavez, Rosales, Wilburn,...

MRS Communications 7(4), 960-966

3D-printed photopolymer electrical and mechanical tuning – MWCNT nanocomposites through in-situ dispersion

Chavez, Regis, Delfin, CA Garcia Rosales, Kim, Love, Liu,...

Applied Polymer Journal 136(22), 47600 20 2019

3D memory polymer (SMP)/carbon black (CB) nanocomposite printing with electro-responsive toughness increase

MFG Duarte, H Kim, L Chavez, D Hodges, P Mandal, Y Lin,...

Materials Express 5(6), 065704 20 2018

Multifunctional SENSING using 3D CNTs/BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites

Kim, Wilburn, Castro, CA Garcia Rosales, TLB Tseng,...

Composite Journal 53(10), 1319-1328 14 2019

Characterization of shape memory polymer parts made using 3D printing technique

MFG Duarte, L Chavez, M Castañeda, TLB Tseng, ...

Quick prototyping Journal 14 2019

WIND TURBINE PLACEMENT LAYOUT OF NON-FLAT TERRAINS.

CA, TLB Tseng Garcia Rosales, Kwon

International Journal of Industrial Engineering

Characterization and quality assessment of shape memory polymer parts made via fused modelling

CAG Rosales, CC Huang,

Annual IIE Conference. Proceedings, 1270-1275

Toughness-based recovery efficiency of shape memory parts manufactured using 3D printing technique

CAG Rosales, Kim, Duarte, Chavez, TLB Tseng, Y Lin

2019 Rapid Prototyping Journal

Thermal and mechanical energy with piezoelectric ceramics

Chavez, VF Elicerio, JE Regis, H Kim, CAG Rosales, Y Lin

Materials Research Express 6(2), 025701

Optimum positioning of wind turbines on non-flat terrain, using cluster identification and multi-objective genetic algorithm

Rosales CAG

Texas University, El Paso 2 2012

Characterization and quality assessment of smart polymer systems manufactured using 3d printing technique

Garcia Rosales2019

Characterization and quality assessment of Smart Polymer Systems Using 3D Printing Technique

Rosales CAGPQDT-Global 2019

Optimum positioning of wind turbines on non-flat terrain, using cluster identification and multi-objective genetic algorithm

Garcia Rosales 2012 

Ultimate Crown Ambassador

The Ultimate Crown Ambassador is a rare historical recognition associated with exceptional achievements in the Amway direct-selling business. The recognition is remembered for celebrating leaders who developed large, sustainable business organizations and helped expand Amway's presence across international markets.

Although the Ultimate Crown Ambassador recognition is no longer part of Amway's standard pin-level structure, its history remains an interesting part of the company's leadership and achievement system.

In this article, we explore the history of Ultimate Crown Ambassador, its original qualification requirements, the evolution of Crown Ambassador recognition, the Founders Achievement Award (FAA) points system, and notable leaders associated with this achievement.

What Is an Ultimate Crown Ambassador in Amway?

An Ultimate Crown Ambassador was a historical recognition associated with an exceptionally high level of performance in the Amway business.

The recognition was connected with the development of a large network of qualified business groups, leadership development, and sustained performance throughout the Amway Performance Year.

The title is often discussed alongside other high-level Amway recognitions, including:

  • Crown Ambassador

  • Founders Crown Ambassador

  • Founders Crown Ambassador 40

  • Founders Crown Ambassador 50

  • Double Crown Ambassador

These recognition names are not all equivalent or interchangeable. Some represent standard pin levels, while others refer to historical or special recognitions.

Today, Amway's published recognition systems include Crown Ambassador and Founders Crown Ambassador. Ultimate Crown Ambassador is best understood as a historical designation rather than a standard qualification that new Amway Business Owners can currently pursue.

History of the Ultimate Crown Ambassador Recognition

The Ultimate Crown Ambassador pin was introduced in 1992. According to historical Amway recognition records, Peter and Eva Muller-Meerkatz and Kaoru Nakajima achieved the recognition that year.

In 1993, Barry Chi and Holly Chen were also reported to have earned it. Additional leaders were associated with the recognition during the late 1990s.

The designation emerged during a period when Amway's business organizations were growing and its recognition system was evolving to accommodate increasingly significant leadership achievements.

As the company introduced and developed Founders Crown Ambassador and other higher recognition categories, the Ultimate Crown Ambassador designation became obsolete.

Historical accounts also report that Max Schwarz received the recognition in 2003 following a special request to match the achievement of his upline colleagues. The same historical accounts state that Amway Germany was subsequently instructed to discontinue the unofficial award level.

Consequently, the recognition should not be confused with a currently available Amway award.

Ultimate Crown Ambassador Qualification Requirements

Historical descriptions associate Ultimate Crown Ambassador with an organization containing 25 qualifying legs.

Under the reported original qualification structure, a qualified Platinum needed to have 25 legs that achieved Silver Producer qualification in each of the 12 months of the Amway Performance Year.

A leg generally refers to a business group within an individual's Amway organization. Qualification depends on the applicable business rules and the performance of each group.

The historical requirement can be summarized as follows:

Qualification elementHistorical description
Business leadership foundationQualified Platinum
Number of qualifying legs25
Required group performanceSilver Producer qualification
DurationAll 12 months of the Performance Year
Recognition statusHistorical; not a standard current pin level

These details describe the historical recognition as documented by secondary sources. They should not be treated as current qualification rules for Crown Ambassador or Founders Crown Ambassador.

How Crown Ambassador Qualification Evolved

The history of Ultimate Crown Ambassador is closely connected with changes to the Crown Ambassador recognition system.

Early Crown Ambassador requirements placed significant emphasis on building multiple successful business groups. Over time, qualification criteria evolved to reflect changes in the size and structure of Amway organizations.

Historical accounts describe several changes:

  • Early qualification structure: Crown Ambassador recognition was associated with building 20 legs, each with a qualifying distributor.

  • 1980: Historical accounts report an increase to 25 legs, with additional qualification requirements.

  • 1982: A revised requirement reportedly involved 22 qualifying legs.

  • 1983: The reported requirement changed to 20 legs qualifying at the required performance level for six months of the fiscal year.

  • 2002: Qualification through the Founders Achievement Award points system became an alternative pathway in certain markets.

The precise criteria varied across periods and markets. Historical figures should therefore be interpreted in their original context rather than applied to today's Amway business plan.

Crown Ambassador vs. Founders Crown Ambassador

Crown Ambassador and Founders Crown Ambassador are recognized Amway pin levels, but their qualification requirements differ.

Amway's published Hong Kong award information describes Crown Ambassador qualification as requiring at least 14 Founders Platinum groups in the specified businesses and 88 Qualification Credits, alongside other conditions. Founders Crown Ambassador requires at least 14 Founders Platinum groups and 100 Qualification Credits, with the same market-specific foundational conditions.

These figures are from Amway Hong Kong's published award structure and should not automatically be applied to India or another market.

The following table provides a high-level comparison.

RecognitionGeneral distinction
Crown AmbassadorA high-level leadership recognition
Founders Crown AmbassadorA higher recognition with more demanding qualification requirements
Ultimate Crown AmbassadorA historical recognition no longer part of the standard pin-level structure

For current qualifications, always consult the official Amway business reference guide for the relevant country.

What Are Founders Achievement Award Points?

Founders Achievement Award (FAA) points are associated with certain Amway leadership recognition and incentive systems.

Historically, the points system provided an additional way to recognize leadership performance beyond the number of qualifying business legs alone.

In certain versions of the qualification system, eligible leaders could qualify for higher recognition through a combination of Diamond performance and a required number of FAA points.

However, qualification rules have changed over time, and the points requirements differ by award, market, and applicable business plan. The historical FAA point requirements associated with Ultimate Crown Ambassador should not be interpreted as current universal standards.

Notable Leaders Associated With Ultimate Crown Ambassador History

The historical Amway recognition record identifies several leaders in connection with Ultimate Crown Ambassador or related high-level recognitions.

Peter and Eva Muller-Meerkatz

Peter and Eva Muller-Meerkatz are reported to have received Ultimate Crown Ambassador recognition in 1992. Their names are associated with the early history of this designation and with the development of large Amway business organizations.

Kaoru Nakajima

Kaoru Nakajima is also reported to have earned Ultimate Crown Ambassador recognition in 1992. Nakajima is associated with Amway's Japanese leadership history and later high-level recognition.

Barry Chi and Holly Chen

Barry Chi and Holly Chen are reported to have earned Ultimate Crown Ambassador recognition in 1993. Their names also appear in historical accounts of international Amway leadership achievements.

Max Schwarz

Max Schwarz is associated with a special historical award decision in 2003. Secondary historical accounts describe the recognition as having been granted following a request to match the level achieved by his upline colleagues.

These examples illustrate the historical nature of the designation. They should not be interpreted as a complete or officially verified list of all recipients.

International Amway Leadership and Crown Ambassador Recognition

Amway operates in multiple markets, and its leadership recognition systems have developed differently across countries and periods.

Historical records mention Crown Ambassador and related recognitions among leaders in markets including Japan, Taiwan, Germany, the United States, Canada, China, Malaysia, Thailand, Australia, and other countries.

Some markets have also used different local titles or recognition terminology. For this reason, the name associated with a leader's achievement may not always correspond exactly to the terminology used in another country.

When researching individual leaders, it is important to distinguish between:

  • The original year of qualification

  • The specific recognition received

  • The market in which the achievement occurred

  • Later recognitions earned by the same leader

  • Current versus historical award terminology

These distinctions help avoid confusion when comparing achievements across different generations of Amway leaders.

Is Ultimate Crown Ambassador Still Available Today?

The Ultimate Crown Ambassador designation is described in historical sources as discontinued. It is not included in Amway's standard published recognition ladder.

Amway's current published recognition systems include established levels such as Diamond, Executive Diamond, Double Diamond, Triple Diamond, Crown, Crown Ambassador, and Founders Crown Ambassador, subject to the applicable market's award structure.

Anyone interested in pursuing a high-level Amway recognition should use the current official business plan for their market rather than relying on historical Ultimate Crown Ambassador requirements.

Lessons From the History of Ultimate Crown Ambassador

The history of Ultimate Crown Ambassador highlights several important themes in the development of direct-selling organizations.

1. Sustained performance matters. Historical qualifications emphasized performance over multiple months, rather than a single successful month.

2. Leadership requires organization-building. The reported qualification structure focused on developing numerous qualifying business groups.

3. Recognition systems evolve. Amway has revised its award structure over time as business models and organizational performance have changed.

4. Historical achievements require context. A qualification rule that applied in one year or country may not apply to another.

5. Recognition is not a guarantee of income. An award represents achievement under a particular recognition system. It does not, by itself, establish an individual's earnings, expenses, profitability, or financial results.

Frequently Asked Questions About Ultimate Crown Ambassador

1. What is an Ultimate Crown Ambassador?

Ultimate Crown Ambassador is a historical Amway recognition associated with exceptionally high levels of business-group performance and leadership development.

2. When was Ultimate Crown Ambassador introduced?

Historical records state that the recognition was introduced in 1992.

3. Who were the first Ultimate Crown Ambassadors?

Peter and Eva Muller-Meerkatz and Kaoru Nakajima are reported to have earned the recognition in 1992.

4. Did Barry Chi and Holly Chen achieve Ultimate Crown Ambassador?

Historical accounts report that Barry Chi and Holly Chen received the recognition in 1993.

5. How many legs were required for Ultimate Crown Ambassador?

The historical qualification description refers to 25 qualifying legs, with Silver Producer performance maintained for all 12 months of the Performance Year.

6. Can someone qualify as an Ultimate Crown Ambassador today?

The designation is described as discontinued and is not part of Amway's standard current pin-level structure.

7. What is the difference between Crown Ambassador and Founders Crown Ambassador?

They are separate recognition levels. Founders Crown Ambassador has higher qualification requirements under the relevant market's business plan.

8. Are Ultimate Crown Ambassador and Double Crown Ambassador the same?

No. They are distinct names associated with different historical or special recognition contexts.

9. Does achieving an Amway pin level guarantee a particular income?

No. Recognition and income are different measures. Actual earnings depend on business performance, applicable compensation rules, expenses, and other factors.

10. Where can I find the current Amway qualification requirements?

Consult the official Amway business reference guide or the relevant local Amway business support website.

Conclusion

Ultimate Crown Ambassador remains an interesting chapter in Amway's history of business recognition. Introduced in 1992, the designation was associated with a small group of leaders who achieved exceptional organizational performance under the recognition structure of that period.

The historical accounts of Peter and Eva Muller-Meerkatz, Kaoru Nakajima, Barry Chi and Holly Chen, and Max Schwarz help document the development and eventual discontinuation of this recognition.

Today, Crown Ambassador and Founders Crown Ambassador are more relevant when examining Amway's standard high-level recognition system. Understanding the historical distinctions between these titles provides a clearer picture of how Amway's leadership recognition structure has evolved.

Editorial note: This article is an independent historical overview and is not an official Amway publication. Qualification rules and award names may vary by country and Performance Year. Readers should verify current requirements with Amway's official local documentation.

References


 Ultimate Crown Ambassador

The Ultimate Crown Ambassador pin (or Ultimate Founders Crown Ambassador Pin) was introduced in 1992, earned by Muller-Meerkatz, Peter & Eva and Kaoru Nakajima the same year. One year later (1993), Barry Chi & Holly Chen won the pin. Several others got it between 1996 and 1999. By introducing the Founders Crown Ambassador pin and the higher pins, this pin can no longer be won and you will not find it at the headquarters in Ada, Michigan (like the FDSA pin changed to Founders Crown Ambassador 40 FAA pin).

Max Schwarz was granted a last chance in 2003 on request to achieve the same level as his colleagues upline Muller-Meerkatz, Peter & Eva. Amway Germany was advised to stop using this unauthorised award level.

Final Crown Ambassador qualification requires:

  • To qualify as an Ultimate Crown Ambassador, a certified Platinum must qualify for the Amway Performance Year for all 12 months at the Silver Producer level.

History

  • When the pin was initially developed, the dowline required 20 legs each with a Direct Distributor. A Direct Distributor was a distributor with 7,500 PV for 3 consecutive months. Crown qualifying needed just 20 legs that acheved 25% for a month. Introduction OTCA payout for Crown Ambassador was $20,000.

In 1980, Crown Ambassador was revealed to be raised to 25 legs, each having a dowline Direct Distributor. This adjustment produced an issue where some distributors acquired the 20 legs in 1980, but not the new 25 leg criterion, therefore they missed Crown Ambassador designation. In 1980, Crown Ambassador's OTCA payment doubled to $50,000.

In 1982, it was stated that Crown Ambassador will be altered to 22 legs who qualified for 6 months in the fiscal year at 25 percent level. Crown Ambassador's 1982 OTCA payout was $50,000.

In 1983, it was stated that Crown Ambassador will be altered again to 20 legs who qualified for six months in the fiscal year at 25 percent level.

In 2000, Crown Ambassador's OTCA payment was $150,000. One year later it was $168,000.

In 2002, it was stated that with 6 in-market legs and 27 FAA points, Crown Ambassador certification could also be obtained. A level of Founders

 Crown Ambassador was developed in North America and other countries requiring 20 Q12 legs or Diamond certification (6 Q6 legs) and 30 FAA points. Previously, a Founders Crown Ambassador pin was released in Japan in 1998 and even before (1995) it existed in Taiwan, where it was named Q12 Crown Ambassador.

All IBOs qualifying at Crown Ambassador level with at least 20 FAA points are invited to the Founders Council.

Ultimate Crown Ambassador

Rich DeVos and Jay Van Andel established the FAA points system in 1991. These FAA points accounted for incentives until 2002, but no pin levels

Global List of Crown Ambassadors

The following list is organized by country or market for easier reference.

Australia

  • Peter and Debbie Cox — Founders Crown Ambassador (2008).

  • Mitch and Deidre Sala — Founders Crown Ambassador (2006).

  • Jack and Ying — 2014.

Austria

  • Hans and Eva Nusshold — Founders Crown Ambassador (2019).

Canada

  • Bob Schmidt (1981).

  • Jim and Sharon Janz (1978).

China

In China, the corresponding leadership designation has been described as Elite Sales Director. The following individuals and couples appear in the supplied historical records:

  • Barry Chi and Holly Chen — Founders Crown Ambassador.

  • Deng Feng Hua and Hu Tian Peng — Founders Council members; Sales Elite Director/Crown Ambassador.

  • Foo Howe Kean and Shu Chen — Founders Crown Ambassador.

  • Guo-Yuan Du and Ya-Qin Zhu (also known as Matthew Du) — Founders Council member, 27 FAA; Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador (2008).

  • Han Shi Rong — Founders Council member, 45 FAA; Founders Crown Ambassador 40 (2008).

  • He Xun and Gong Ling Ji — CSO/Crown Ambassador (2008).

  • Sunny Hsu and Debra Hsieh — Founders Council member, 55 FAA; Founders Crown Ambassador 50.

  • Liu Hong and Jin Di — Founders Council member, 30 FAA.

  • Li Li Li and Lü Hui — Founders Council member, 27.5 FAA; Sales Elite Director/Crown Ambassador (2011).

  • Lu Yong Ju and Wang Ying Wu — CSO/Crown Ambassador.

  • Lu Xian Xing — Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador.

  • Mark and Peggy Lei — Founders Board member; Founders Crown Ambassador.

  • Ren Ying Cai — Founders Ambassador of the Council.

  • Wu Xiang Qin and Li Yi Jian — CSO/Crown Ambassador (2011).

  • Xia Si Gao and Liang Wei Juan — CSO/Crown Ambassador (2011).

  • Zhang Gui Jie and Zhang Fan — CSO/Crown Ambassador (2011).

  • Zhou Fan Yang and Zheng Xin Qing — Founders Council member, 60 FAA; Founders Crown Ambassador 60 (2014).

  • Jack and Ying Zhou (also known as Zhou Zhi Jian and Ou Guo Ying) — Founders Sales Director/Founders Crown Ambassador 30.

  • Zhou Wan Ming and Chen Yi Ding (also known as Wendy Zhou and John Chen) — Founders Council member; Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador.

  • Zhang Fan — Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador.

Colombia

  • Josiah Bobadilla (2014).

  • Carlos Castellanos and Claudia Santos (2017).

Germany

  • Max Schwarz — Founders Crown Ambassador 60 (2007).

  • Mueller-Meerkatz — Founders Crown Ambassador 50 (2008).

  • Maria and Willi Steiner — Founders Crown Ambassador (2005).

  • Renate Backhouse (1991).

  • Michael Strachowitz (1982).

Hong Kong and Macao

  • Clement and Anita Fu — Founders Crown Ambassador (2014).

  • Cheong Pui-kuong (2015).

Japan

The supplied historical list includes the following Japanese leaders and couples:

  • Nanae and Sisuke Arima (1996).

  • Takeshi Azumi — Founders Crown Ambassador (2009).

  • Erick, Ito, and Midori (1987).

  • Tomoko and Shuji Hamamoto — Founders Crown Ambassador (1998).

  • Kenichiro Hatayama — Founders Crown Ambassador (2012).

  • Tatsucheuo and Atsuko Hayashi (1991).

  • Hiroshi Hosomi (2013).

  • Toshiya Irimoto (2016).

  • Hidekazu Kajihara (1997).

  • Mikio and Yuka Kaku (2008).

  • Yasuyuki Kitagi (2012).

  • Morihiko Kitakon (1997).

  • Yasuhisa Masuda.

  • Teruhiro Mizobe (2015).

  • Kaoru Nakajima — Double Crown Ambassador (1996, 1998).

  • Ryusuke Seto (1996).

  • Toshiaki Takahashi (1999).

  • Shizunori Yamamoto (1998).

  • Takumi and Rieko Yamazaki — Founders Crown Ambassador (1998).

  • Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (1996).

Malaysia

  • Charlie Lee Kim Soon and Linda Ng Kwee Choo — Founders Crown Ambassador (2005).

  • Foo Howe Kean — Founders Crown Ambassador (2012).

  • Chan Koon Tin and Foong (2005).

  • Sonny and Hwa Ho (2003).

  • Khoo Chong Kok and Chai Choo — Crown Ambassador (2014).

  • Chan Lee Sean — Crown Ambassador (2014).

  • Peter Lee and Choi (1996).

  • Lee Yin Chuan (2010).

  • Steven Lim and Angeline (2010).

  • Wong Siew Fang and Celia (2016).

Russia

  • Natalya Yena (2008).

Spain

  • Michael and Pilar Aguado (2015).

  • Angel and Maite Ruiz — Founders Crown Ambassador (2015).

Taiwan

  • Barry Chi — Double Crown Ambassador (2003); 80 FAA (2014).

  • Chin Nai Kang and Wang Shu Chen — Founders Crown Ambassador (2012).

  • Chen Tsai and Yang Yueh Hwa (1994).

  • Foo Howe Kean — Founders Crown Ambassador, 65 FAA (2012).

  • Sunny Hsu and Debra — Founders Crown Ambassador (2012).

  • Mark and Peggy Lei — Founders Ambassador, 40 FAA (2004).

  • Jennifer Johnson (2002).

  • Yang Guan Yi and Zheng (2011).

  • Zhong Yi Hong and Jing (2010).

  • Theresa and Steven Hsieh (year recorded as 212 in the supplied source; verification required).

  • Forest Lee and Tseng (2014).

  • Xu Ming Zhe and Zhang Li Wen (2015).

Thailand

  • Jintana and Witat — Founders Crown Ambassador (2003).

  • Viroah Boonariya and Siriphan (2003).

  • Soomboon Khunkhlai (2003).

  • Patrick and Joyce Joe — described as nearly achieving the recognition (2013).

  • Chaweng Kunchayangkul and Kannalin Piyanantawarin (2015).

Ukraine

  • Vira Arkhipova and Mautanov — Founders Crown Ambassador (August 2008).

  • Taras Demkura (2008).

  • Natalya Yena — Founders Crown Ambassador (2007).

United States of America

  • Dallas Beaird and associates (1980).

  • Bill and Peggy Britt — Founders Ambassador, 40 FAA (2004).

  • Barry Chi and Holly Chen — Founders Crown Ambassador (2011).

  • John Crowe and Jennie Belle Crowe, Fairfax, Virginia (2014).

  • Frank and Rita Delisle (1980).

  • Jim and Nancy Dornan — Founders Ambassador, 55 FAA (2010).

  • Tim Foley — Founders Crown Ambassador (2005).

  • John Hendrickson (1980).

  • Seung Ho Kim and Ja&Jae (2011).

  • Dick and Sandee Marks (1977).

  • Charlie and Elsie Marsh (1979).

  • John McCoy, Gareth, Mitchel, and Jan (1979).

  • Wonbo and Jungah Shim (2012).

  • Chuck and Jean Strehli (1979).

  • Jerry and Sharyn (1979).

  • Dan and Bunny Williams (1979).

  • Dexter and Birdie Yager — Founders Crown Ambassador, 60 FAA (2011).

Vietnam

  • Diep Nguyen (2015).

The Role of Crown Ambassadors in the Amway Business Community

Crown Ambassadors and other senior Amway leaders have historically played important roles in mentoring business owners, developing leadership teams, and sharing business-building practices.

Some experienced leaders have also participated in leadership and advisory bodies associated with the Independent Business Owners International Alliance (IBOAI), where eligible members contribute to discussions concerning business policies and the interests of independent business owners.

IBOAI participation and responsibilities depend on the applicable governance structure and membership requirements. It should not be assumed that every Crown Ambassador automatically serves on an IBOAI board.

What Does Ultimate Crown Ambassador Represent?

The Ultimate Crown Ambassador designation is associated with the historical evolution of Amway's highest recognition levels. It is often discussed alongside Crown Ambassador, Founders Crown Ambassador, and other special leadership recognitions.

These titles reflect achievements under particular business plans and historical qualification systems. They should not be interpreted as interchangeable awards or as proof of any particular income level.

The designation is best understood within the context of Amway's history, its changing recognition structure, and the achievements of leaders who built extensive business organizations.

Leadership, Mentorship, and Business Development

Reaching a high-level Amway recognition historically required substantial effort in developing and supporting a business organization. Important aspects of leadership included:

  • Building and supporting independent business groups.

  • Developing new leaders through mentoring and education.

  • Maintaining qualifying business performance over the applicable period.

  • Helping team members understand the business model and its requirements.

  • Supporting long-term organizational development.

The precise requirements depended on the recognition, country, and applicable Performance Year. Reaching Crown Ambassador did not automatically confer Ultimate Crown Ambassador status, and historical requirements should not be presented as current qualification rules.

Dexter Yager and Jim Dornan: Influential Amway Leaders

Dexter Yager and Jim Dornan are widely associated with the history of Amway leadership development and large-scale business organizations.

Dexter Yager

Dexter Yager became one of the best-known figures in Amway's independent business community. He was associated with extensive leadership networks and the development of training and mentorship systems for distributors.

The supplied source associates Yager with Ultimate Crown Ambassador recognition in 2004. That specific title and date should be checked against reliable historical documentation before publication.

Jim Dornan

Jim Dornan was another prominent Amway business leader known for leadership development and mentoring. His work contributed to the growth of business organizations across multiple international markets.

The supplied source states that Dornan achieved Ultimate Crown Ambassador recognition in 1995. As this is a specific historical claim, it should be verified independently before being presented as an established fact.

Both leaders are important subjects for anyone researching the history of Amway's leadership organizations, mentorship practices, and international business development.

What Can We Learn From These Leaders?

The histories of experienced direct-selling leaders offer several lessons for understanding organizational growth:

  1. Leadership development: Sustainable organizations depend on helping others develop their skills and take responsibility.

  2. Consistent performance: High-level recognition generally reflects achievement over a defined period rather than a single successful transaction.

  3. Mentorship: Experienced leaders can help newer business owners understand systems, set goals, and develop professional skills.

  4. International collaboration: Large organizations may span different countries and markets, each with its own rules and business conditions.

  5. Adaptability: Recognition systems evolve, so historical achievements must be understood in their original context.

Recognition is not a guarantee of profitability or future income. Actual business results vary according to individual performance, costs, market conditions, and the applicable compensation plan.

Conclusion

The global history of Crown Ambassador and related Amway recognitions includes leaders from Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Colombia, Germany, Hong Kong and Macao, Japan, Malaysia, Russia, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, Ukraine, the United States, and Vietnam.

The names and dates in this article provide a starting point for documenting that history. Because the list is non-exhaustive and contains some incomplete or inconsistent entries, further verification is recommended before treating it as an authoritative register.

The Ultimate Crown Ambassador designation belongs to the historical development of Amway's recognition system. Crown Ambassador and Founders Crown Ambassador are distinct recognition categories, and current qualification requirements should always be confirmed through the official Amway documentation for the relevant country.

Editorial disclaimer: This article is an independent historical reference and is not an official Amway publication. Recognition titles, names, dates, and qualification requirements should be verified against reliable records. No particular income or business outcome is guaranteed by any recognition.

Lepore, Raffaele & Carly Amway

Lepore, Raffaele & Carly Amway

 Ernest Lepore

Education and career

Lepore got his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1978 and began teaching at Notre Dame University before joining the Philosophy Department at Rutgers University in 1981, where he has since lectured.

Philosophical work

He is well recognised for his work on language and mind philosophy, occasionally in partnership with Jerry Fodor, Herman Cappelen and Kirk Ludwig, as well as on Donald Davidson's philosophy and philosophy.

Selected publications

  • Imagination and Convention: Distinguishing Grammar and Inference in Language, with Matthew Stone (Oxford University Press, 2015)
  • Handbook in Philosophy of Language, ed. with B. Smith, (Oxford University Press, 2006)
  • Insensitive Semantics, with Herman Cappelen (2004, Basil Blackwell)
  • Donald Davidson: Truth, Meaning, Rationality in Mind, with Kirk Ludwig (Oxford University Press, 2005)
  • Donald Davidson's truth-theoretic Semantics, with Kirk Ludwig (Oxford University Press, 2007),
  • Meaning and Argument, with Sam Cumming (Blackwell, 2000)
  • Holism: A Shopper's Guide, with Jerry Fodor (Blackwell, 1991)
  • The Compositionality Papers, with Jerry Fodor (Oxford University Press, 2002)
  • What Every Student Should Know with Sarah-Jane Leslie (Rutgers Press, 2002).



Lucich, Daniel & Carol Amway

Lucich, Daniel & Carol Amway

 Carol 

Carol is Todd Haynes's 2015 romantic drama-period film. Phyllis Nagy's screenplay is based on Patricia Highsmith's 1952 novel The Price of Salt (republished as Carol in 1990). The movie stars Cate Blanchett, Rooney Mara, Sarah Paulson, Jake Lacy, Kyle Chandler. 

Set in New York City in the early 1950s, Carol tells the storey of a clandestine affair between an ambitious female photographer and an older woman in a divorce.

Carol was developing since 1997, when Nagy wrote the screenplay's first draught. British firm Film4 Productions and executive Tessa Ross financed development. The film had a rough development phase including money, rights, scheduling difficulties, and accessibility issues. 

Number 9 Films joined on board in 2011, after Elizabeth Karlsen secured the novel's rights. The picture is co-produced by New York-based Killer Films, who joined the project in 2013 after being directed by Haynes' associate Christine Vachon. Main photography on British-American production started in March 2014 in Cincinnati, Ohio and lasted 34 days. Cinematographer Edward Lachman filmed Carol on film Super 16mm.

Carol premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2015 and was released on November 20 and November 27 in the United Kingdom. Grossing nearly $42 million on a $11 million budget, the picture was lauded for Haynes' direction and Blanchett and Mara's performances and was the best-reviewed 2015 film. 

Carol competed for Cannes' Palme d'Or, where Mara tied with Emmanuelle Bercot for the Best Actress Award. The film received many accolades, including five nominations for the Golden Globe Award, six nominations for Oscars and nine nominations for the BAFTA Award; as well as five Dorian Awards and awards from the New York Film Critics Circle, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the National Film Critics Society. 

It appeared significantly in various "best of" film lists, and was rated as the finest LGBT film ever by the British Film Institute.

Plot

During the 1952 Christmas season, ambitious photographer Therese Belivet works in Manhattan's department store, Frankenberg. She meets a lovely woman, Carol Aird, who's seeking for her daughter, Rindy. 

Carol buys a model train set at Therese's suggestions. When Carol leaves her gloves on the counter. Using Frankenberg's sales slip with Carol's name and address, Therese mails her.

Therese's lover, Richard, wants her to go with him to France, expecting they'll marry, but her connection is ambiguous. A common buddy, Dannie, invites Therese to a photo editor buddy's workplace, The New York Times, and offers to introduce her. Meanwhile, Carol's going through her husband's painful divorce, Harge. Carol phones Frankenberg's to thank the clerk for returning the gloves, inviting Therese to lunch. Therese visits Dannie, kissing her, but she gets uncomfortable and leaves.

Carol welcomes Therese to New Jersey's home. She stops buying a Christmas tree, and Therese pictures her candidly. Harge arrives suddenly to take Rindy to Florida for Christmas, becoming suspicious of Therese, as Carol had an affair with her friend Abby years earlier. Therese's argument witnesses. After leaving Rindy, a sad Carol accompanies Therese to the station to return home.

Carol calls to apologise and they meet at Therese's flat, where Carol presents her with a suitcase with a Canon camera and film present. 

Carol has learnt that Harge asks the judge to examine a "morality clause" against her, threatening to disclose her homosexuality and giving Rindy full custody. She decides to take a road trip to avoid divorce stress and invites Therese to join her. 

Richard accuses Therese of being smitten with Carol, and predicts that Carol would soon tyre. Both dispute and end their relationship. On trip's second night, Therese meets a travelling salesman, Tommy Tucker.

On New Year's Eve, first kiss Carol and Therese and have sex. The next morning, they realise that Tucker is actually a hired private investigator for evidence against Carol. 

Carol confronts Tucker, threatening him at gunpoint, but he claims to have sent Harge tape recordings. Carol and Therese return. The next day, in Chicago, Therese hears that Carol flew home to fight for her daughter's custody, asking Abby to drive Therese home. 

Abby gives Carol's letter. Therese phones Carol back home, but knowing she risks losing Rindy's custody if she maintains her relationship with Therese, Carol hangs up.

Therese prepares her photography portfolio and lands a job at The New York Times. Meanwhile, Carol saw a counsellor as a divorce settlement stipulation. 

During a mid-April contentious meeting with divorce lawyers, Carol abruptly discloses what the tapes show and refuses to deny her sexuality. To avoid going to court and the potential of a public scandal, she says he can have Rindy's custody provided he allows her regular visits.

Carol writes to Therese, meeting in Ritz Tower Hotel's lounge. Carol tells she's going to work for a furniture firm and took an apartment on Madison Avenue. 

Therese declines Carol's invitation to join her. Carol tells Therese she meets associates at the Oak Room, and if she changes her mind they can have supper. 

Therese remains, Carol says, "I adore you." Jack, a colleague who hasn't seen Therese in months, and Carol exits, interrupts them.

Therese takes Jack's transportation to a party, but finds she can't connect to anybody. She departs Oak Room. She searches and sees Carol at a table. 

Therese hesitates, walks to Carol. Your eyes connect. Carol gazes at Therese with a slow-growing smile.

Cast

  • Cate Blanchett as Carol Aird
  • Rooney Mara as Therese Belivet
  • Sarah Paulson as Abby Gerhard
  • Jake Lacy as Richard Semco
  • John Magaro as Dannie McElroy
  • Cory Michael Smith as Tommy Tucker
  • Carrie Brownstein as Genevieve Cantrell
  • Kevin Crowley as Fred Haymes
  • Nik Pajic as Phil McElroy
  • Kyle Chandler as Harge Aird

100 Plus Crown Ambassador

100 Plus Crown Ambassador

 In 2001, the 100 Plus Crown Ambassador pin was presented as a special acknowledgment of Leonard & Esther Kim for generating 119 Diamonds in fiscal 2001.

100 Plus Crown Ambassador qualification:

  • An IBO must qualify as a 100 Plus Crown Ambassador at Crown Ambassador level and produce more than 100 Diamonds within the Amway Performance Year in its "personal" crown ambassador group on its home market.
100 Plus Crown Ambassador


Qualifiers

Korea

  • Kim, Leonard and Esther (2001)
  • Jang & Hyo-Ji Kim (2002)

Crown Ambassador

The pin was designed in 1977 as IBO achievements developed. Crown Ambassador qualification requires:

  • A certified Platinum must have 20 legs (3 must be on the market) to qualify as a Crown Ambassador, each qualifying at Silver Producer level for at least 6 months of the fiscal year.

or

  • Diamond qualify for 6 months of the fiscal year (6 legs must be on the market) and create at least 27 FAA credits during the fiscal year.

History

  • When the pin was initially developed, the dowline required 20 legs each with a Direct Distributor. A Direct Distributor was a distributor with 7,500 PV for 3 consecutive months. Crown qualifying needed just 20 legs that acheved 25% for a month. Introduction OTCA payout for Crown Ambassador was $20,000.
  • In 1980, Crown Ambassador was revealed to be raised to 25 legs, each having a dowline Direct Distributor. This adjustment produced an issue where some distributors acquired the 20 legs in 1980, but not the new 25 leg criterion, therefore they missed Crown Ambassador designation. In 1980, Crown Ambassador's OTCA payment doubled to $50,000.
  • In 1982, it was stated that Crown Ambassador will be altered to 22 legs who qualified for 6 months in the fiscal year at 25 percent level. Crown Ambassador's 1982 OTCA payout was $50,000.
  • In 1983, it was stated that Crown Ambassador will be altered again to 20 legs who qualified for six months in the fiscal year at 25 percent level.
  • In 2000, Crown Ambassador's OTCA payment was $150,000. One year later it was $168,000.
In 2002, it was stated that with 6 in-market legs and 27 FAA points, Crown Ambassador certification could also be obtained. A level of Founders Crown Ambassador was developed in North America and other countries requiring 20 Q12 legs or Diamond certification (6 Q6 legs) and 30 FAA points. Previously, a Founders Crown Ambassador pin was released in Japan in 1998 and even before (1995) it existed in Taiwan, where it was named Q12 Crown Ambassador.

All IBOs qualifying at Crown Ambassador level with at least 20 FAA points are invited to the Founders Council.

Rich DeVos and Jay Van Andel established the FAA points system in 1991. These FAA points accounted for incentives until 2002, but no pin levels.

Qualifiers

  • Non-exhaustive Crown Ambassadors List

Australia

  • Cox, Peter & Debbie, Crown Ambassador Founders (2008)
  • Sala, Mitch & Deidre, Founders Ambassador Crown (2006)
  • Jack & Ying, 2014

Austria

  • Nusshold, Hans & Eva, Founders Crown Ambassador (2019)

Canada

  • Schmidt, Bob.. (1981)
  • Janz, Jim and Sharon (1978)

China

  • In China, it's named Elite Sales Director
  • Barry Chi & Holly Chen, Founders Ambassador of the Crown
  • Deng Feng Hua & Hu Tian Peng, Founders Council Member, Sales Elite Director/Crown Ambassador
  • Foo Howe Kean & Shu Chen, Founders Ambassador of the Crown
  • Guo-Yuan Du & Ya-Qin Zhu alias Du, Matthew, Founders Council Member (with 27FAA) as Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador (2008)
  • Han Shi Rong, Member of the Founders Council (45 FAA) as Founders Crown Ambassador 40 (2008)
  • He Xun & Gong Ling Ji, CSO/Crown Ambassador (2008)
  • Hsieh, Sunny Hsu & Debra, Member of the Founders Council (55 FAA) as Founders Crown Ambassador 50
  • Hong, Liu & Jin, Di, Member of the Founders Council (with 30 FAA)
  • Li Li Li & Lü Hui, Founders Council Member (27.5 FAA) as Sales Elite Director/Crown Ambassador (2011)
  • Lu Yong Ju & Wang Ying Wu, CSO/Crown Ambassador
  • Lu, Xian Xing, Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador
  • Mark & Peggy Lei, Founders Board Member as Founders Crown Ambassador
  • Ren Ying Cai, Founders Ambassador of the Council
  • Wu Xiang Qin & Li Yi Jian, CSO/Crown Ambassador (2011)
  • Xia Si Gao & Liang Wei Juan, CSO/Crown Ambassador (2011)
  • Zhang Gui Jie & Zhang Fan, CSO/Crown Ambassador (2011)
  • Zhou Fan Yang & Zheng Xin Qing, Founders Council Member (with 60 FAA) as Crown Founders Ambassador 60 (2014)
  • Zhou, Jack & Ying (aka: Zhou Zhi Jian & Ou Guo Ying), Founders Sales Director/Founders Crown Ambassador 30
  • Zhou Wan Ming & Chen Yi Ding (aka: Zhou, Wendy & Chen, John), Founders Council Member as Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador
  • Zhang Fan, Sales Elite/Crown Ambassador

Colombia

  • Bobadilla, Josiah (2014)
  • Carlos Castellanos & Claudia Santos (2017)

France

  • Belli, Robert and Nicole (1985)
  • Mas, Joe and France (1982)

Germany

  • Schwarz, Max, Founders Ambassador 60 (2007)
  • Mueller-Meerkatz, Founders Crown Ambassador 50 (2008)
  • Maria & Steiner Willi, Founders Crown Ambassador (2005)
  • Backhouse, Renate (1991)
  • Strachowitz, Michael.. (1982)

Hong Kong-Macao

  • Fu, Clement & Anita, Crown Ambassador Founders (2014)
  • Cheong Pui-kuong.. (2015)

Japan

  • Arima, Nanae, Sisuke (1996)
  • Azumi, Takeshi, Founders Crown Ambassador (2009)
  • Erick & Ito. & Midori's (1987)
  • Hamamoto, Tomoko & Shuji, Founders Ambassador Crown (1998)
  • Hataya    ma, Kenichiro, Founders Crown Ambassador (2012)
  • Hayashi, Tatsacheuo, Atsuko (1991)
  • Hosomi, Hiroshi.. (2013)
  • Toshiya, Irimoto (2016)
  • Kajihara, Hidekazu (1997)
  • Kaku, Mikio and Yuka (2008)
  • Kitagi, Yasuyuki.. (2012)
  • Kitakon, Morihiko (1997)
  • Masuda, Yasuhisa...
  • Mizobe, Teruhiro.. (2015)
  • Nakajima, Kaoru, Double Crown Ambassador(1996) (1998)
  • Seto, Ryusuke.. (1996)
  • Takahashi, Toshiaki (1999)
  • Yamamoto, Shizunori.. (1998)
  • Yamazaki, Takumi & Rieko, Crown Ambassador Founders (1998)
  • Yamazaki, Yoshiyuki.. (1996)

Korea

  • Kim, Leonard & Esther, Founders Ambassador 40 FAA (2002)
  • Kang Hyeon Sook & Ryu Founders' Crown Ambassador 40 FAA (2003)
  • Dr. Jae-Oh Joo & Kyeong-Ja Park, Founders Ambassador Crown (2002)
  • Jang & Hyo-Ji Kim, Founders Crown Ambassador (2003)
  • Hak-Soo Jeong, Crown Ambassador (2003)
  • Kwon & Young-Mi Youn, Founders Crown Ambassador (2008)
  • Choose Yun Jeong & Seo Geon, Founders Crown Ambassador (2013)
  • Hong Jin Hee & Kim Jong Su, Crown Ambassador Founders (2014)
  • Kwon HwaJa & Jo Seong (2003)
  • Lee Tong Cheol&Kim Myo (2004)
  • Kim Myeong&Kim Chang Eum (2013)
  • Hong In Hee & Kim Eu Jong, ( (2014)

Malaysia

  • Charlie Lee Kim Soon & Linda Ng Kwee Choo, Founders Ambassador Crown (2005)
  • Foo Howe Kean, Founders Crown Ambassador (2012)
  • Chan Koon Tin & Foong (2005)
  • Sonny & Hwa Ho (2003)
  • Khoo Chong Kok & Chai Choo Crown Ambassador (2014)
  • Chan Lee Sean, Crown Ambassador (2014)
  • Lee, Peter & Choi (1996)
  • Lee Yin Chuan & {2010}
  • Lim, Steven, Angeline {2010}
  • Wong Siew Fang & Celia [2016]

Russia

  • Yena Natalya's (2008)

Spain

  • Aguado, Michael, Pilar (2015)
  • Angel & Maite Ruiz, Founders Crown Ambassador (2015)

Taiwan

  • Barry Chi, Double Crown Ambassador (2003) 80 FAA (2014)
  • Chin Nai Kang & Wang Shu Chen, Crown Ambassador Founders (2012)
  • Chen Tsai, Yang Yueh Hwa (1994)
  • Foo Howe Kean, Founders Crown Ambassador 65 FAA (2012)
  • Sunny Hsu & Debra, Founders Crown Ambassador (2012)
  • Mark & Peggy Lei, Founders Ambassador 40 FAA (2004)
  • Johnson, Jennifer (2002)
  • Yang Guan Yi & Zheng (2011)
  • Zhong Yi Hong & Jing (2010)
  • Theresa and Steven Hsieh (2012)
  • Forest Lee & Tseng (2014)
  • Xu Ming Zhe & Zhang Li Wen (2015)

Thailand

  • Jintana & Witat, Founders Crown Ambassador (2003)
  • Boonariya, Viroah and Siriphan (2003)
  • Khunkhlai, Soomboon.. (2003)
  • Joe, Patrick & Joyce (almost) (2013)
  • Kunchayangkul, Chaweng & Piyanantawarin, Kannalin (2015)

Ukraine

  • Arkhipova, Vira & Mautanov, Founders Crown Ambassador (August 2008)
  • Demkura, Taras.. (2008)
  • Yena Natalya, Founders Ambassador Crown (2007)

America's United States

  • Beaird, Dallas, etc (1980)
  • Britt, Bill & Peggy, Founders Ambassador 40 FAA (2004)
  • Barry Chi & Holly Chen, Crown Founders Ambassador (2011)
  • Crowe, John, Jennie Belle, Fairfax, VA (2014)
  • Delisle, Frank and Rita (1980)
  • Dornan, Jim & Nancy, Founders Ambassador 55 FAA (2010)
  • Foley, Tim, Crown Ambassador Founders (2005)
  • Hendrickson, John.. (1980)
  • Kim, Seung Ho & Ja&Jae (2011)
  • Marks, Dick and Sandee (1977)
  • Marsh, Charlie and Elsie (1979)
  • McCoy, John, Gareth, Mitchel, Jan (1979)
  • Shim, Wonbo, Jungah (2012)
  • Strehli, Chuck and Jean (1979)
  • Jerry & Sharyn (1979)
  • Williams, Dan and Bunny (1979)
  • Yager, Dexter & Birdie, Founders Crown Ambassador 60 FAA (2011)

Vietnam

  • Nguyen's Diep (2015)
  • By their seniority, most Crown Ambassadors sit on several IBOAI boards, setting business policies that influence all IBOs globally.

200 Plus Crown Ambassador

 200 Plus Crown Ambassador qualification:

  • An IBO must qualify as a 200 Plus Crown Ambassador at Crown Ambassador level and produce more than 200 Diamonds within the Amway Performance Year in its "personal" crown ambassador group on its home market.

Qualifications

Korea

  • Kim, Leonard and Esther (2002)

Inception

  • USA: January 6, 1990.
  • Korea: May 10, 1991

Qualifications

  • April 1992 Ruby
  • February 1994 Diamond
  • Executive February 1995
  • July 1995 Double-diamond
  • July 1996 Triple Diamond
  • August 2000 Crown Ambassador
  • 100 Crown Ambassador August 2001
  • Crown Ambassador August 2002
  • 200 Crown Ambassador August 2002
  • Founders Ambassador of the Crown

Diamond Downline

  • Kim, Leonard & Esther, Founders Crown Ambassador, Korea, WWDB, 2004
  • Jang & Hyo-Ji Kim, Founders Crown Ambassador 2003, Korea, WWDB
  • Founders Double Diamond, Korea, WWDB
  • Hong Jin Hee, Crown Ambassador 2011, Korea, WWDB
  • Hong Yeong Sang, Diamond, Korea, WWDB
  • Hong In Hee, Crown 2010, Korea, WWDB
  • Lee Chang Seong, Founders Triple Diamond, Korea, WWDB
  • Lee Jeong Min, Double Diamond, Korea, WWDB
  • Lee Ju Yeon, Crown 2011, Korea, WWDB
  • Jeong Geon, Founders Crown Ambassador 2013, Korea, WWDB
  • Kim, Nam-Deuk & Lee, Jung-Yun, Triple Diamond 2010
  • Shim, Wonbo, Jungah, Crown 2012, USA, WWDB
  • Cho, Francis&Claire Kim, Diamond, USA, WWDB
  • Lee, Jay & Jeong, Diamond, USA&Canada, WWDB
  • Kim, Sunki & Misun Yoon, Canada & United States, WWDB
200 Plus Crown Ambassador

Kim's certified in 2002 and 40 FAA Points (2002). Their immediate diamonds are Eugene & Sarah Kim. They're downlines in Ron Puryear's organisation WWDB. They started their Amway business in 1990. They moved back to Korea after 20 years in 1991. They left Ruby in 1992, but plummeted to 12% owing to the awful economic circumstances in Korea. Then they immediately rebuilt their business. After only 4 years on the Korean market, they went Diamond in 1994, Double Diamond in 1995. The Kim's shattered 119 New Diamonds!!! A new record needs a new title. The title "unofficial" 100 Plus Crown Ambassador was bestowed to Kim's. 240 New Diamonds broke in 2002! The 200 Plus Crown Ambassador pin was developed. The Kim's had 13 Founders Council members in 2003 (Founders Triple Diamond and above). They had almost 400 Diamonds downline in 2005.

Esther Kim previously said: "I've been using Amway goods for about 15 years, but nobody told me about the plan." Kims are part of a leg that was initially founders' Crown Ron Puryear clients for many years.

They are founding member of international organisations' TOP4 group.

Story

Share America's Dream

The American dream reaches other areas of the world, this time through a fairly normal Korean couple who decided to leave the U.S., their twenty-year-old home, and return to their Korean country to start their own independent business. Their quest for achievement was their sole company. Four short years later, they reached Double Diamond, acquiring time and money to help others. As they continued to serve others, Triple Diamond's company flourished. They became 100+ Crown Ambassadors in 2002.

Everything's possible

Leonard and Esther Kim are a real example of a life-changing business. Starting with business cards and a strong drive to succeed, the Kims grew their firm to a worldwide market without national borders. They feel nothing is impossible, and better things are in store for their future as opportunities continue to appear.

Our potential is limitless!

Good leaders well serve others. "Often people believe you must step over those before you to achieve," adds Leonard. "But it's very different. To thrive in this industry, your downline must succeed first." The Kims showed the incredible success that can be attained by implementing this philosophy. They achieved an exciting new milestone in corporate history by breaking over 100 new diamonds in a year. This remarkable feat was never accomplished before. A brand-new level demanded a brand-new title, and the 100+ Crown Ambassador pin was first born and presented.

Best record to come

The Kims later broke over 200 additional Diamonds, earning another record and a new pin—200+ Crown Ambassadors. Definitely, a team effort achieved both these aims and generated these achievements. Many tens of thousands participated and enjoy the thrill of achieving these exceptional accomplishments. The true accomplishment is how many lives the Kims' work has benefited.

The Future Content

Kims are content with their lifestyles and appreciate being welcomed anywhere in Korea by people. They prefer not having to worry about their future and the comfort and freedom of a safe, abundant existence that allows them to take an interest in others' security and happiness. Recently when asked about an anonymous good deed they had done, Leonard and Esther just answered, "We were glad to help others, therefore we wouldn't talk about it."

Branch out

Although their twenty years of living in the U.S. prepared them for living overseas, they believe they were taught a lot by travels they did for business. They spent two months overseas, seeing Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, South Africa, Hawaii, China, Europe, the U.S. mainland, and many other nations.

The Kims began spreading out to other nations after a Japanese-speaking engagement allowed Leonard and several of his downline to explore around Japan. Now he's also interested in Chinese and Hong Kong markets.

Leonard and Esther have grown to enjoy the World Wide Group support system greatly. With Ron and Georgia Lee Puryear's guidance, Leonard and Esther helped expand World Wide Dreambuilders Korea into an active support structure that helps unite their business. "We're simply a little part of a much bigger system that circles the whole world," Leonard observes, "and without World Wide Group support organisation, our business wouldn't be as successful as it is."

Life is sharing, helping others!

The Kims are definitely an example of what can happen as they enabled their life to benefit themselves and many others. Their willingness to help others increased their business and many blessings followed. As with all real and lasting success, one of the greatest blessings is who they have become by building their own business.

Reviewing their activities in Japan, Hong Kong, and China, Leonard and Esther believe the business has no limits. Their hope is that many others will follow their pattern of establishing a strong foundation in Korea as Founder's Crown Ambassadors and branching out to become international market leaders, too.

The motto of Leonard is: "Winners never give up, and those who give up never succeed." Esther's is: "Accept one's own endless abilities and act with confidence." Kims say the higher you go in this business, the higher you want to climb. Devoting their lives to 'making Diamonds,' they say, "We sincerely hope that many people will discover the Diamonds world of Leonard and Esther and enjoy the comfortable life and freedom that comes with business."

People around the world really want the benefits of living the American dream—the freedom and responsibility to own a successful business, and the privilege of helping others along the way. It takes courage to claim a life of victory, and Leonard and Esther have shown that a tiny spark of hope can begin to grow to include thousands of other people's hopes and dreams. Ordinary, average people become heroes.

Sound, steady, all-time solid business! "Every Christmas! CORE everyday! Change everyday! Challenge everyday! Choice everyday! Celebration everyday! Charity everyday! ”

"We think God created all for excellence. See you upstairs! ”

Founders Council

Founders Council

 Founders Council is an organization of the highest achieving IBO's throughout the world. To qualify for Founders Council, an IBO must be a qualified Crown Ambassador or generate 20 or more FAA points for the fiscal year. Membership must be requalified every year. Founders Council meets once a year at the most prestige places in the world.

The Amway Founders Council is comprised of the highest achieving Independent Business Owners globally.

In 2010, Founders’ Council included 84 members from thirteen countries. Annually, the Council meets to strategize and celebrate their efforts in the Amway Business Opportunity.

In addition, members have a direct channel to the top leaders of the Amway business. With this connection, they learn about future strategy and help to shape and enhance the direction of the entire Amway family. Most importantly, they share this vision with the global distributor family.

Below is an incomplete list of the current members.

Founders Council

Australia's founding members

  • Sala, Mitch, and Deidre are three people who love to cook.
  • Debbie Cox, Peter Cox, and Peter Cox

Members of the Austrian Founders Council

  • Hans Nusshold and his wife Eva (Crown Ambassador, Austria)

Members of the China Founders Council

  • 1) Zhou Fan Yang and Zheng Xin Qing (Zhou Fan Yang and Zheng Xin Qing) -
  • The second is by Wu Yi and Xiong Shi Xiang, who are both from China.
  • The following are the works of Miao Dong Mei and Hu Qing Dong:
  • 4) Ren Ying Cai (Chinese: )

  • 5) Yuan Wei Qun and Zhou Ya Xing -
  • Wang Cheng An and Yin Jian Ping are the sixth and seventh artists to be featured on this page.
  • 7) Li Li Li and Lü Hui -
  • 8) Zhou Zhi Jian and Ou Guo Ying -
  • Luo Bin and Zheng Wei Liang are two of the most talented musicians in the world.
  • 10)Bu Fan Zhi & Lu Xian Xin.
  • 11)Liu Te Pei & Jin Mei...
  • 12)Zhao Feng Xia and Jiang Guang Hui.
  • 13)Gong Ling Ji & Xun - Anyway
  • 14)Cao Hong Yu & Li Jia Gui.
  • 15)Jiang Xian Feng and Chen Jin Chun.
  • 16)Liang Da Gong.
  • 17)Zhou Chao Sheng & Liu Yi...
  • 18)Liu Xia & Sun Peng anyway
  • 19)Wen Ling & Liao Shi Zhong...
  • 20)Chen Hua & Wu Ying Bo.
  • 21)Yu Dai Fu & Wei Yong Hong.
  • 22)Tao Ming & Yan Jing - Anyway
  • 23)Fu Yu Ping & Zong Shi Jie.
  • 24)Jin Xiao Ping & Jin Hui Ming...
  • 25)Qian Jun & Zhao Xin—almost [2014]
  • 26)Qiu Gai Mei, Feng Guang Min.
  • 27)Han Shi Rong.
  • 28)Kang Jun - ibid.
  • 29)Zhang Yi Ping & Sun Lei...
  • 30)Fu, Clement & Anita.
  • 31)Sun Dong & Liang Ding Su...
  • 32)Zhao Yu Fang & Tang Jing Song.
  • 33)Su Li Chun & Wang En Wei.
  • 34)Hong, Liu & Jin, Di—anyway.
  • 35)Zhou Wan Ming & Chen Yi Ding.
  • 36)Wang Han Ru & Mao Zhong...
  • 37)Tan Zhi Bo & Song Jie Bin
  • 38)Huang Jun & Liu Lin anyway
  • 39)Luo Qi & Liang Yi, anyhow.
  • 40) Li Jing & Zhang En Long
  • 41)Guo-Yuan Du & Ya-Qin Zhu...
  • 42)Lu Yong Ju & Wang Ying Wu.
  • 43)Fan Jian Ping & Guo Hong Bin
  • 44)Zhang Jin Hui & Liu Cheng.
  • 45)Wang Xiang Shun & Lin Pin -
  • 46)Ge Yong Qin.
  • 47)Lian Min & Xu Xiao Min...
  • 48)Lin Hong Sen & Gao Wan Fang
  • 49)Lin Wei & Chen Ke Ming.. (2014)
  • 50)Wu Li Rong.
  • 51)Fang Xiang & Shen Qiang anyway
  • 52)Guo Zhi Hong & Zhao Bo Yu

Colombia's founding members

  • Bobadilla, Joseph (Crown Ambassador)
  • Castellano, Carlos, Claudia (Founders Triple Diamond 20 FAA)

Germany Founding Council Members

  • Dobler, Lora and Alexander (Crown)
  • Mueller-Meerkatz, Peter (Founders Crown Ambassador 50)
  • Black, Max (Founders Crown Ambassador 60)

Council members Hong Kong & Maucu

  • Fu, Clement and Anita
  • Cheong Pui-kuong...

India Founding Council Members

  • 2009 Harbhajan Singh&Mohinder Braich

Indonesia's founding members

  • Angkasa, Robert's

Japan's founding members

  • Azumi, Takeshi...
  • Hamamoto, Tomoko...
  • Masuda, Yasuhisa...
  • Kaoru, Nakajima
  • Tatsukami, Eiko and Shoji
  • Yamazaki, Takumi...

Korea

  • Han Chang Ho & Jeon Gyeong Sook (Triple Diamond Founders-8/2003)
  • Jang & Hyo-Ji Kim (Founders Crown Ambassador)
  • Hak-Soo Jeong (Crown Founders Ambassador - 8/2003)
  • Joo Jae Oh & Kyung Ja (Founders Crown Ambassador)
  • Kim Myeong Hee & Kim Chang Eum (Crown Ambassador - 2013)
  • Hong Jin Hee & Kim Jong Su (Founders Crown, 8/2009)
  • Kim, Leonard and Esther (Founders Crown Ambassador 40)
  • Hong In Hee & Kim Eu Jong (Triple Diamond - 8/2003)
  • Kwon & Yeong-Mi Yun (Founders Crown Ambassador - 8/2008)
  • Kang Hyeon Sook & Ryu In Ik (Crown Founders Ambassador 40 - 8/2003)
  • Choose Yun Jeong & Seo Jeong Geon (Founders Crown Ambassador - 2013)

Malaysia's founding members

  • Lee Kim Soon & Kwee Choo, Crown Founders Ambassador (2014)
  • Chan Koon Tin, Crown Ambassador (2005)
  • Chan Lee Sean, Crown Founders Ambassador (2014)
  • Khoo Chong Kok & Chai Choo, Founders Ambassador Crown (2014)
  • Lee, Peter and Choi, Crown Ambassador (1996)
  • Lee Yin Chuan, Crown Ambassador (2010)
  • Lim, Steven, Angeline, Crown Ambassador (2010)
  • Wong Fang & Celia, Founders Triple Diamond (2008)
  • Council Founders of Taiwan
  • Barry Chi & Chen
  • Yang Guan Yi & Zheng
  • Howe Kean & Jenny Ko
  • Hsieh, Sunny Hsu.
  • Lei, Mark and Peggy
  • Chen Mei Li & Wu Qiang
  • Chin Nai Kang & Wang Chen

Thailand's founding members

  • Pornjaded, Jintana & Witat Crown Ambassador (2003)
  • Boonariya, Siriphan Crown Ambassador (2003)
  • Joe, Patrick, Crown Ambassador Joyce (2013)
  • Kunchayangkul, Chaweng, Kannalin Crown Ambassador (2015)
  • Siririrangkamanont, Aranong Diamond Founders (2008)
  • U.S. Founders Council Members
  • Britt, Bill and Peggy
  • Dornan, Jim and Nancy
  • Tim, Foley
  • Kim, Seung Ho & Ja&Jae
  • Yager, Dexter and Birdie

Ukraine Founding Council Members

  • Arkhipova, Mautanov, Oleksiy (Founders Crown Ambassador, Ukraine 2008 and Founders Triple Diamond, Russia - 2008)
  • Demkura, Taras.. (Crown Ambassador, Ukraine - 2008)

Kharatin, Igor...

  • Yena and Natalya (Founders Crown Ambassador, Ukraine - 2007 and Crown Ambassador, Russia - 2008)
Amway is a direct marketing firm that sells health, beauty, and home care products through a network of independent business owners. Amway's Founders Council is an esteemed award program that the company offers to its most successful independent business owners. The purpose of the program is to reward top-performing Amway business owners who have shown remarkable leadership and achieved substantial success in their own businesses.

An Amway business owner must fulfill a number of requirements before being accepted into the Founders Council program. These requirements include reaching a predetermined level of sales and recruiting a particular minimum number of new business owners into their organization. Members of the Founders Council are chosen not just on the basis of whether or not they fit these qualifications, but also on the basis of their overall business performance, their leadership abilities, and their dedication to the Amway business opportunity.

Members of the Founders Council are given access to a variety of perks and opportunities, such as the chance to network and collaborate with other successful Amway business owners, special recognition at Amway events and conferences, and access to unique training and development programs.

The ability to take part in the yearly Founders Council trip is among the most significant advantages that come with being a member of the Founders Council. This trip is a highly anticipated event that is hosted at a lavish location and is aimed to recognize top-performing business owners for their hard work and achievement. The trip is greatly anticipated since it is held at a destination that is luxurious.

In addition to being invited on the yearly excursion, members of the Founders Council also get unique recognition and support at all times during the year. This grants them access to individual coaching and mentorship from seasoned Amway business leaders, in addition to providing them with exclusive marketing tools and resources to assist them in growing and developing their businesses.

It is a tremendous accomplishment for an Amway business owner to become a member of the Founders Council. This is a testimonial to the business owner's hard work, devotion, and leadership qualities. It is a recognition of their commitment to developing a successful and sustainable business with Amway, and it offers up a variety of additional doors for prospects for expansion and development.

In general, the Founders Council program is regarded as a prestigious and highly sought-after designation inside Amway. Furthermore, attaining this status is a key milestone in the career of an Amway business owner. Founders Council members have the potential to take their businesses to the next level and achieve even greater success inside the Amway organization because they have access to special training, support, and resources.

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